288
Smith, George (1815-1871)
Ten weeks in Japan. 1861.
TEN WEEKS IN JAPAN, BY GEORGE SMITH, D. D. BISHOP OF VICTORIA (HONGKONG).
LONDON, LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMAN, AND ROBERTS, 1861.
xv, [1], 459, [1] p., [9] leaves of plates. 23 cm.
[DS/809/Sm](00013914)
目 次
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY.
Relative importance of Japan.—Geographical position.—Physical advantages.—Her seclusion a modern policy.—Former intercourse with surrounding countries.—Arrival of Roman Catholic missionaries.—Expulsion of Europeans.—Traditions of national invincibility.—Repulse of Tartar invasions.—New era of hope.
1
CHAP. II. ARRIVAL AT NAGASAKI.
Voyage from Shanghae to Nagasaki.—Lodging in Budhist temple.—View of city and harbour.—British Consulate.—Dutch factory.—Former Japanese arrogance and humiliations of Dutch.—Their imprisonment in Desima.
9
CHAP. III. CITY OF NAGASAKI.
Street-scenes and native trades.—Japanese cemetery.—Chinese graves.—Grand religious holiday.—
Octave
of Budhist services.—Devoutness of multitude.—A Japanese preacher.—Popular respect for priesthood.
25
CHAP. IV. RELIGIONS OF JAPAN.
Visit to a Sinto temple.—Leading religions in Japan.—Tolerant spirit of Government.—Sooto, or Confucian moralists.—Sintoism.—Sun-goddess.—The
Kami.
—Sinto priests.—Interior of temple.—Sacred mirror.—Native worshippers.—Juvenile pastimes.—Sintoism and Budhism contrasted.—Their mutual assimilation in Japan.—Syncretists.—Metempsychosis.—Underlying truth of a future state.—Guesses of unenlightened heathen.—Roman Catholic and Budhist resemblances.—Religious mendicants.
41
CHAP. V. LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF NAGASAKI.
Visit to the Governor of Nagasaki.—Conversation.—Native reporters.—System of dualism.—Spies.—Difficulties of local government.—Independence of foreign products.—Obstructions to growth of foreign commerce.—Sunday services for Europeans.—
Temple of Great Virtue.
61
CHAP. VI. CITY OF NAGASAKI.
Local Chinese factory and commercial guild.—European sailors.—Overdrawn pictures of Japanese character by Thunberg.—Intemperance.—Superior cleanliness of Japanese streets.—Semi-nudity of people.—Scenes in a Japanese thoroughfare.—Oil-paper coats.—Frequent conflagrations.—Quack medicines.—Medical practitioners.—Priestly incantations in sickness.
78
CHAP. VII. SCENES OF JAPANESE LIFE.
Statuaries.—Schools.—Budhist prejudice against slaughtering of animals.—Ordinary vehicles.—Kagoo.—Norimon.—Loochooan experience.—Thievishness of natives.—Severe laws.—Public bathing-houses.—Non-seclusion of Japanese wives.
94
CHAP. VIII. POPULAR CUSTOMS.
Marriage customs of Japanese.—New-year holidays.—Five great national festivals.—Budhist purgatory.—Flying kites.—Girls' holiday in a temple.—Minstrels.—Street comedies.
109
CHAP. IX. JAPANESE DRAMA.
Superior class of theatrical exhibition.—Actors.—Moralising chorus.—Scenes.—National tragedy.—
Happy despatch.
—Harakiri.—Japanese ideas on legal suicide.—Disregard of death.—Old duelling plea.
127
CHAP. X. FUNERAL CEREMONIES.
Mortuary and funeral rites of Japanese.—Description by a native informant.—Coroner's inquest.—Mode of sepulture.—Ascending and descending relatives.—Posthumous names.—Services of priesthood.—Ancestral tablet.—Accounts of Dutch writers.—Spectacle of Japanese funeral near temple lodging.—Period of mourning and defilement.—Fear of ghosts.
143
CHAP. XI. NATIVE VISITORS.
Scenes of temple life.—The priest Rin-Shan.—Douceurs to native authorities.—Impartiality of Japanese law.—Effectiveness of government.—Priest visitors.—Two-sworded officers.—Native interpreter.—Native disposition and character.—Doctor Kasatu.—A Japanese surgery.—Details of a native gentleman's costume.—Universal thirst for information and purchase of foreign books.
157
CHAP. XII. RURAL DISTRICTS NEAR NAGASAKI.
Excursion into surrounding villages.—Restive horses.—Anglo-French Commissariat from China.—External aspect of villages.—Rural scenery.—Governor's aquatic gala.—Tokitz.—Material comfort of population.—Cutaneous diseases.—Yeddo road.—Refectory-houses.—Trip over the Hills.—Japanese Flora.—Agriculture.—Villages.
176
CHAP. XIII. FORMER RELIGIOUS PERSECUTIONS.
Fort of Simabara.—Papenberg.—Earthquakes.—Persecutions.—Francis Xavier.—Roman Catholic expulsion.—Dutch complicity.—Trampling on cross.—Inscription over slaughtered Christians' place of sepulture.
193
CHAP. XIV. A BUDHIST COMMEMORATION.
Colonel von Siebold.—Grand commemorative Budhist festival.—Horenji Monastery.—A national hero in the Corean war.—Hospitality of priests.—Procession of children.—Priests.—Abbot.—Liturgical service.—Sermon.—Religion wearing a holiday dress.—Ineffectual moral restraint.
207
CHAP. XV. STATISTICS OF LOCAL HEALTH AND TRADE.
Dr. Pompe van Meerdervoort.—Medical School.—Japanese class.—Lectures.—Naval School.—Different classes of native population.—Sanitary condition.—Moral state.—Climate of Nagasaki.—Consular statistics of trade.
218
CHAP. XVI. CLOSING INCIDENTS OF STAY AT NAGASAKI.
Japanese Engine-factory.—Diving-bell.—
Emperor
yacht.—Hopefulness of Japanese race.—European cemetery.—Farewell Sunday service among Europeans.
230
CHAP. XVII. VOYAGE TO KANAGAWA.
Voyage along the Japanese coast.—Kewsew.—Sikok.—Niphon.—Simoda.—Bay of Yeddo.—Arrival at Kanagawa.—Yakoneens.—Visit to Yokuhama.—Mount Fusi.—Moral condition of European settlement.—Currency questions.—British Envoy's despatch.
240
CHAP. XVIII. INCIDENTS AT YOKUHAMA AND KANAGAWA.
Streets at Yokuhama.—Recent assassination of two Dutch captains.—Prince of Mito.—Excesses of individual foreigners.—Feeling towards native races.—A Chinese in difficulty.—Local custom-house.—Secret obstacles to foreign trade.—Kanagawa.—Earthquakes.—Surrounding country.—Japanese guards.
254
CHAP. XIX. ARRIVAL AT YEDDO.
Journey to Yeddo.—Scenes on the way.—Kawasati.—River Loco.—Public refectory-house.—Female attendants.—Sinagawa.—Approach to Yeddo.—British Legation.—Earthquake.
268
CHAP. XX. IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN.
Historical sketch of Japanese Government.—Spiritual and secular Emperors.—Tyco-Sama.—The Mikado a political nonentity.—Absorption of power into the Tycoon.—The increased power of the great Council of State.—A plurality of mayors of the palace.—The great Daimios of the empire.—The
Go-san-kay.
—The
Go-san-kio.
—Recent feuds.—Dualism and system of mutual control.
286
CHAP. XXI. RIDES THROUGH THE CITY OF YEDDO.
Excursion into the city.—
Official quarter.
—Citadel moat.—Scene of the Goteiro's assassination.—Details of plot.—Tycoon's palace enclosure.—Groves of cypress and rural landscape.—
Belle vue.
—Palaces of Daimios.—
To-jin.
—Dogs.—Excursion into the
commercial quarter.
—
Nipon-bas.
—Scenes in streets.—
A-tang-yama.
—
Grande vue.
—Panorama of Yeddo.—Estimated population.—Monasteries.—Beggars.—Pilgrims.
298
CHAP. XXII. FOREIGN LEGATIONS IN YEDDO.
American Consul-General.—Recent treaties.—Japanese ministers of foreign affairs.—
Governors
of consular ports.—Japanese embassy to United States.—
Temple-lords.
—Higher class of priesthood.—Prospective toleration of Christianity.—Old placards prohibiting the Christian religion.—A body of hereditary religious detectives.—Ao-yama.—French Charg
d'Affaires.—Abb
Girard.—Yakoneens.
314
CHAP. XXIII. THE LOOCHOO ISLANDS.
Nature of Loochooan dependency upon Japan.—Captain Basil Hall's account.—Loochoo naval mission.—Early difficulties of missionaries.—Embarrassment of native government.—Passive resistance.—Abandonment of mission.—Author's visit to Loochoo in 1850.—Loochoo a fief of the Japanese principality of Satsuma.—Biennial tribute-junk to China.—Character and appearance of people.—Explanatory official despatch from the Regent of Loochoo.—His historical and statistical facts respecting the Loochoo Islands.—The French mission.—Liberal policy of the late Prince of Satsuma.
334
CHAP. XXIV. THE TERRITORIAL PRINCES OF JAPAN.
Their relative power to the central government.—Extent of respective limits of subjection, independence and territorial revenue.—Numerous armed retainers.—No middle class of Japanese society.—Our Plantagenet princes.—
Harakiri
the usual solution of a ministerial crisis.—Families of princes continually resident in Yeddo.—Hostages of fidelity.—Occasional defiance among their number.—Effects of centralisation upon the capital.—List of the richest Daimios, with amounts of territorial income.
354
CHAP. XXV. EXCURSION TO OJI.
Suburban beauties of Yeddo.—Villages and gardens.—Moat of citadel.—Outlying aristocratic quarter.—Palaces of grandees.—The
Imperial Brothers.
—Prince of Kii.—Prince of Owari.—Prince of Mito.—Prince of Kanga, the wealthiest Daimio, and head of the conservative party.—The reputed liberals of the empire.—A nursery-garden.—Richly cultivated country.—Refectory-house at Oji.—Inconsiderable rivers in Japan.—Imperial archery-ground.—Tycoon's shooting-box.—Japanese sentimentalists and poets.—Rain-coats.—Return through the
commercial quarter.
364
CHAP. XXVI. PURVEYORS OF PUBLIC AMUSEMENT.
Vast numbers of idle population among the princes and their retainers.—Wrestlers, play-actors, and jugglers.—Masquerades.—Spinning-tops.—Acrobats.—A celebrated juggler's exhibition of skill at the British Legation.—His various feats.—The butterfly scene.
371
CHAP. XXVII. THE JAPANESE WRITTEN LANGUAGE.
Mr. Rutherford Alcock's grammar of the Japanese language.—Chinese system of ideographic symbols.—Two indigenous systems of Japanese phonetic syllabarium.—Hiragana character.—Katagana character.—Kaisho style of writing Chinese symbols.—Giosho.—Losho.—Koy
mode of reading Chinese.—Kung.—Total dissimilarity of Japanese and Chinese spoken languages.
382
CHAP. XXVIII. LOCAL OBJECTS OF PUBLIC INTEREST AT YEDDO.
Primary and secondary schools for youth.—Confucian textbooks.—Academies.—Terakoya.—Military and naval schools of exercise.—Medical schools.—System of diplomas.—Nosology.—Dissection of human subjects.—Japanese improvement in arts and sciences.—Gold-mines.—Temptations to foreigners.—Breach of custom regulations.—Smuggling.—Venal connivance of native officials at Yokuhama.—Special dangers created by unprincipled foreigners.
394
CHAP. XXIX. DEPARTURE FROM YEDDO.
Return from Yeddo to Kanagawa.—Sunday service among Europeans at Yokuhama.—Oppressive treatment of natives connected with foreigners.—Appearances of a cordon drawn around Yokuhama.—Budhist college for training priests.—Japanese agriculture.—Peculiar mode of burning off the ears of ripe corn.—Periodical seed-times and harvestings of various crops.—Intemperance.—Total abstinence vow to the god Kompira.—No slave caste.—Strict registration.—Good conduct in recent cases of foreign wrecks.—Edict of deportation against Chinese at Yokuhama.—Local trade.—Visit from local governor.—Summary view of missionary openings.
405
CHAP. XXX. DEPARTURE FROM JAPAN.
Brief notice of Hakodadi.—Voyage to the Californian port of San Francisco.—Local excitement at recent arrival of Japanese embassy.—The author's public letter to Judge M
Allister on the local oppressiveness of American law against the Mongolian race.—Probable early connection between Japanese race and some of the North-West American Indian Tribes.—Ethnological interest attaching to the subject.—Letter of Lieutenant Brooke, U. S. N. to Mr. Secretary Toucey.—Conclusion.
427
注 記
改装。
記載書誌
WENCKSTERN I, p. 50. CORDIER, col. 553. TOYO BUNKO, p. 36. NIPPONALIA I, 2076. BLUM II, 2333. YOKOYAMA, 54.