487　Reed, Edward J. (Edward James), Sir　(1830-1906)
Japan.1880.2 vols.

JAPAN: ITS HISTORY, TRADITIONS, AND RELIGIONS. WITH THE NARRATIVE OF A VISIT IN 1879. By Sir Edward J. REED, K. C. B., F. R. S., M. P., VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE INSTITUTION OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS; MEMBER OF THE INSTITUTIONS OF CIVIL ENGINEERS AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERS; KNIGHT OF THE IMPERIAL RUSSIAN ORDER OF ST. STANISLAUS, OF THE AUSTRIAN ORDER OF FRANCIS JOSEPH, AND OF THE TURKISH ORDER OF THE MEDJIDIE, ETC. IN TWO VOLUMES.—Vol. I [-II]. WITH MAP AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1880. [The Right of Translation is reserved.]
Vol. I. lii, 365, [1] p., [9] leaves of plates. 23 cm.
Vol. II. viii, [1], 356, 24 p., [8] leaves of plates. 23 cm.

[DS/809/Re](00013775-00013776)


目　　次
Vol. I.
CONTENTS. (VOL. I.)
Introduction.　xxiii
CHAPTER I. THE LAND AND ITS INHABITANTS.
Japan consists of four great, and many small, islands—Its nearness to Russia, China, and Korea—Its extent and area—The Kurile, Loo-choo, and Yayeyama islands—The mountains of Japan—Its harbours, rivers, and lakes—Its climate—The winters less rigorous than was anticipated; the hot season short—Effects of the Kuro-shiwo, or black current, and of the Oya-shiwo, or cold current—The Japanese Mediterranean, or Inland Sea—This is shallow, and therefore variable in temperature—Dr. Rein's favourable description of the climate—Our own experiences of it—The geology of Japan—Volcanic disturbances—A summary record of its chief earthquakes—The god Daibutsu of Nara decapitated—The summit of the sacred mountain, Fuji, shaken in—The wreck of the frigate Diana by an earthquake—Typhoons—Dr. Maget's recommendation of Japan as a sanatarium—The measure of its heat and humidity—The origin of the Japanese people—Extraordinary ages of their god-ancestors—The first emperor's father, aged 836,042 years—Dr. Kaempfer's theory of a Japanese migration from Babel—The theory of an Aino origin—The Japanese a Tungusic race—Their route from Mantchuria, by Korea—The mixture of races—The men not usually of small stature—The women small but pleasing, and often beautiful in appearance—Defacing customs dying out—Improving condition of the people.　1-18
CHAPTER II. THE GOD-PERIOD.
Japanese mythology abundant and varied—The sacred books Kojiki and Nihonki—Their origin and authorship—Their alleged errors— In the beginning—The Lord of the Centre of Heaven—The Lofty and Divine Producers—The Japanese account of the Creation—The Male-and Female-who-Invite—The production of land and sea—Amaterasu, the sun-goddess—Origin of the Divine Insignia of the Imperial Power—Ninigi-no-mikoto, the Sovran Grandchild—His descent by the Floating Bridge of Heaven—The brother of the sun-goddess—His misbehaviour and its consequence—The winning of the sun-goddess from the cave—The origin of the religious symbols of Japan—Legends of the gods—The divine descent of the Mikados—Jimmu-Tenno, the first emperor—The Mikados themselves gods—Newer views—The old views said to be reconcilable with science.　19-38
CHAPTER III. THE SHINTO RELIGION.
The early religion of the Japanese—Probably a natural and independent religious system—The kami, or gods of the country—The Kami-no-michi, or way of the gods, must be learnt by studying the sacred writings—Its primal principle obedience to the god-Mikado—Good gods to be worshipped, and bad gods propitiated—Prayer of the Mikado—The worship of ancestors enjoined—Prayer to the god and goddess of wind—Other prayers—The gods of the sun and moon—The Rough Spirit and Gentle Spirit—The kami-dana, or Penates—The rituals of the Shinto religion—The harvest prayers and ceremonies—The divine descent of the priestly houses—Mr. Satow's translation of a very ancient ritual or norito—The necessity of distinguishing the ancient religion from its modern forms—Tendency of modern Japanese commentaries—Shinto a religious system in a true sense—Its influence upon the early Mikados—Their efforts at improvement, and devotion to their people— Sujin the Civiliser—The belief of the early Japanese in the helpfulness of their gods—Simplicity of their forms of worship—Shinto ceremonials contrasted with those of Buddhism and Roman Catholicism—The practice of purification—Respect for life—Simple demeanour of Shinto priests—Temples and votive offerings.　39-63
CHAPTER IV. BUDDHISM IN JAPAN.
The primitive religions of India—Vedism—Brahmanism—Reactions against the doctrine of sacrifice—Shakyamuni Gautama, the founder of Buddhism—His life and teachings—The doctrine of Nirvana—Extinction or tranquillity?—The Buddhistic use of idols—Spread of Buddhism—Curious analogies with Christianity—Buddhistic cosmogony—The elevated morality and purity of Buddhism—The doctrine of transmigration—Introduction of Buddhism to China, 250 B. C.—Its progress there, and spread to Korea—Its introduction thence into Japan—Its slow progress there—Its prince-patron, Shotoku Taishi—Story of his life—The first intercourse between Japan and China—Revival of Shinto under the Nara empresses—Subsequent revival of Buddhism—Its spread under the empress Shotoku—The temples of Hiyei-san—Kobo-daishi, the founder of the Shingon sect—Buddhism powerful in the state—Its priests resort to armed force—Later Buddhist sects in Japan—Shinran Shonin, the founder of Shin-shu—Its doctrines of salvation by faith in Amita Buddha—Original account thereof by a Shin-shu priest of Kioto—The Protestant Buddhists of Japan—Nichiren and his sect—The Ranters of Buddhism—Obstacles to the spread of Christianity in Japan—Kwannon, the goddess of a thousand hands—List of principal Buddhist sects—The influence of European civilisation upon them—A recent discourse on Infinite Vision, with a debate thereon.　64-99
CHAPTER V. THE DESCENT OF THE CROWN.
The dynasty of Japan the oldest in the world—Commencement of the historic period—The first emperor, Jimmu—The Japanese year 1—Comparison of Christian and Japanese chronology—An interregnum—Descent of the crown by nomination—The successor of Jimmu-Tenno—A dozen successive emperors—The quasi-empress Jingu-Kogo—Her invasion of Korea—Ojin, the god of war—Generous contention of two brothers—Romantic suicide of one, and accession of the other to the throne—Nintoku, the self-denying emperor—His successors—Assassination of Anko-Tenno—Another generous contention of brothers—The consequent regency of their sister—Descent of the crown by election of the nobles—The system of concubinage—The rise of Buddhism—Its influence upon the occupancy of the throne—The first empress ascends the throne—Prince Shotoku-Taishi—His successor—Another empress, who abdicates, and aften ten years resumes the crown—A plot frustrated, and an emperor slain—The thrones of Nara—A Twice-empress again—Attempt of a favourite priest to change the dynasty—The god consulted and the priest exiled—Assumption of the governing power by the Fujiwara regents—Dethronement of an emperor by a regent—Another attempt to subvert the dynasty—The revolt of Shohei and Tenkei—The new emperor—Other revolts—Numerous abdications of the throne—Troublous times—The power of the Taira family— Boy-emperors—The overthrow of the Taira—Four contemporary ex-emperors—Disputed successions—Alternate successions—The house of Hojo—An emperor exiled by a subject—Wars and troubles—The fall of the Hojo—The rise of the Ashikaga Shoguns—Taka-Uji—The dynasty divided—Northern and southern emperors—The alternate succession restored—The power of the Ashikagas—Further disputes—Orderly succession since the fifteenth century—Other empresses—The present emperor—The future succession.　100-118
CHAPTER VI. EARLY HISTORY, ENDING 1000 A. D.
The Japanese Pantheon—The first emperor, Jimmu, accepted as historic—His conquests and subsequent career—The emperor Sujin—Commencement of relations between Japan and Korea—Revolts in the west, east, and north—Yamato-Dake, the Warlike—His romantic career—Disguised as a dancing-girl he beguiles and slays the arch-rebel—The sacred sword Grass-mower—Yamato-Dake's wife offers herself to the sea god—Further relation with Korea—Naval architecture and navigation—Introduction of written characters and writing; and afterwards of Chinese literature—Simplicity of life of the early emperors—The influx of skilled persons from Korea and China—The emperor Tenji: administrator, inventor, and reformer—The offices of Dai-jo-Dai-jin and Nai-Dai-jin created—The reforming empress Jito: an advocate of woman's rights—Progress of education and art—The imperial residence becomes more settled—The city of Nara—The Nara empresses; the glory of their reigns—The founding of Miako, or Kioto—The Chateau of Peace, a Chateau of Contention and War—Commencement of the struggles of the middle ages—The house of Fujiwara: its rise and eminence—The Sugawara family: its literary fame—Contests between Fujiwara-Tokihira and Sugawara Michisane—Exile and death of Michisane—His deification as the god Tenjin—The coming greatness of the Taira and Minamoto—A conspiracy discovered—The power of the Fujiwara culminates—The arts of peace still pursued.　119-136
CHAPTER VII. THE TAIRA AND THE MINAMOTO—THE WARS OF THE RED AND WHITE FLAGS, 1000-1200 A. D.
The Taira red flag, and the Minamoto white flag—Indications of the struggles to come—Oppressive power of the Fujiwara house—Military tendencies of the Buddhists—Revolts of the Ainos—Yoshi-ye, afterwards Hachiman-Toro—Rising military power of the Taira and Minamoto—Their first contest at Kioto—The famous archer Tametomo—The great power of Taira-Kiyomori—A cloistered emperor immoral and conspiring—The Minamoto depress the Taira—The Taira revenge themselves: their ascendency—A conspiracy—The peasant girl Tokiwa becomes the mother of the renowned Yositsune, the Bayard of Japan—His brother Yoritomo the founder of Kamakura—Yoritomo marries Masago, of the house of Hojo—Hatred of the Taira, and affection for the Minamoto—The city of Kamakura—Yoshinaka, the Morning Sun General—Overthrow and pursuit of the Taira: a prose epic thereon—Ascendency of the Minamoto—A review of the character and acts of Yoritomo—He becomes Sei-i-Shogun, Barbarian Subjugating Great General—His system of government—His royal court at Kamakura—Hia sceptre was his sword—Decay of his dynasty—His grave visited—What native historians say of him.　137-155
CHAPTER VIII. THE HOJO DOMINATION.
Family struggles of the Minamoto and the Hojo—Masago imprisons her father—Efforts of the emperor Go-Toba to assert the imperial rights—Contest between the emperor and his minister—Two brothers become Mikado and Shogun—Good and patriotic services of the Hojo house—Invasion of Japan by the Mongol Tartars—Fall of the Hojo—Masashige, or Nanko, whose temple is at Hiogo—Undertakes to restore the emperor—Escape of the emperor from Oki—Nitta Yosisada—His desertion from the Hojo to the imperial cause—His military success—The eastern provinces support him—His attack upon Kamakura—His appeal to the god of the sea—His victory, and overthrow of the Hojo—Taka-Uji, the first of the Ashikagas—Restoration of the emperor Go-Daigo.　156-166
CHAPTER IX. THE SIMULTANEOUS DYNASTIES.
Ambition of successful generals—Distribution of confiscated fiefs unsatisfactory—Discontent of Ashikaga-Taka-Uji—His abrupt departure from the court—His letter of accusations against Nitta—His capture of, expulsion from, and efforts to regain Kioto—The emperor consults Kusunoki (Nanko)—His wise advice rejected—His memorable address to his son—The great battle of Minatogawa—Kusunoki commits hara-kiri—His fame as a patriot—His son Masatsura defeats Taka-Uji's general—His interview with the emperor—His gallant death—Taka-Uji again enters the capital—Retreat of the emperor—Enthronement of Komio—Two emperors and two courts—Kioto and Yoshino—The northern and southern dynasties—Defeat and heroic death of Nitta—Ashikaga-Taka-Uji reigns at Kamakura—He makes the Shogunate hereditary in his family—Diversified views of his character—The murder of Prince Morinaga—The wars of the rival dynasties—The southern emperors—The legitimate sovereigns.　167-177
CHAPTER X. THE ASHIKAGA SHOGUNS.
Supreme power of the Ashikagas—Rivalries and contests—Capture and recapture of Kamakura—Assassination of Mochi-Uji—Assassination of Shogun Yoshinori—The imperial insignia carried off—Their recovery—Terrible contests in Kioto in the fifteenth century—Rebellion of Katsumoto—Partisan contests—Two large armies meet in the capital—Flight of the court—The city fired—The Mikado taken to the palace of the Shogun—The war of brothers—The Shogun Yoshimasa—Progress of the arts—The Shogun Yoshitane imprisoned, restored, and again deposed—Further battles in Kioto—The introduction of muskets and cannon—Decline of the Ashikagas, and rise of Nobunaga—Disturbed state of the country in the sixteenth century—Nobunaga's victory in 1560 A. D.—He is commissioned by the emperor to pacificate the country—He overthrows the false Shogun—Appearance of Tokugawa Iyeyasu—The battle of Anagawa—Conspiracy and overthrow of the last Ashikaga Shogun—Review of the Ashikaga period.　178-187
CHAPTER XI. NOBUNAGA AND HIDEYOSHI.
Ota Nobunaga the son of a warrior—He adopts his father's profession—Fuller display of his character—Return of the pursuits and pleasures of peace—Public acts of Nobunaga—He is made Great Minister of the Right—Hideyoshi, afterwards the Taiko—Originally a betto, or groom—Was patronised by Nobunaga—He becomes a great general—Takes rank with Iyeyasu—The three greatest generals of Japan—Buddhists and Christians—Nobunaga protects Christianity and attacks Buddhism—Padre Organtin's interview with Nobunaga—The Jesuit church, or Temple of the Southern Savages—Persecution of the Buddhists—Luxurious priests—Splendid rituals and unseemly lives—The gorgeous temples of Mount Hiyei destroyed—Butchery and conflagration—Fortified temple of the Shin Buddhists in Osaka—Its siege and ultimate surrender—Its priests scattered—Nobunaga, attacked by rebels, slays himself—The Later Hojo of Odawara—Hideyoshi appoints a child-successor to Nobunaga—Himself takes the real power—Defeat of Shibata—The Seven Spearmen of Sedsagatake—Romantic deaths—Shibata slays his wife by her desire—Fighting in the Kuanto—The later Hojo overthrown—Other rebels subdued—Hideyoshi declares war against Korea—Invades Korea and threatens China—Christians burnt at Nagasaki—The Jesuit priesthood—Ambition of Hideyoshi—He becomes the Taiko—His character reviewed—Anecdotes concerning him.　188-203
CHAPTER XII. IYEYASU, THE FIRST TOKUGAWA SHOGUN.
The founder of the Tokugawa dynasty—His birth and native district—His castle in Suruga—He establishes himself in the Kuanto and founds Yedo—He becomes sole regent—Governs well, and is conspired against—A western army brought against him—The famous battle of Seki-gahara—Iyeyasu's victory—Is created Shogun in 1603—Revolt of Hideyori, a son of the Taiko—Osaka attacked and its castle besieged—Peace concluded—Second revolt of Hideyori—Osaka again attacked and carried—The fate of Hideyori—The Tokugawa family firmly seated in the Shogunate—Multiplication of Jesuit missionaries—The edict of expulsion against them—Apprehensions in Japan of foreign conquest—Consequent persecution of the Christians—The extirpation of Roman Catholicism from Japan attempted—The Spanish Inquisition imitated—Crucifixion, strangling, drowning, and worse—Revival of learning—Iyeyasu takes education and literature under his care—He takes control of the mines—Peaceful relations with Korea renewed—Foreign commerce encouraged—Public roads and highways improved—Death of Iyeyasu—His Legacy—His feudal system of administration—Daimios, Samurai, Hatamoto, and Gokenin—Yedo and its castle—Origin of the famous Tokugawa temples of Shiba, Tokio—Story of Son-o the priest.　204-223
CHAPTER XIII. THE TOKUGAWA PERIOD (1603-1868).
Iyeyasu's successor, Hidetada—He sends a subject to Europe to study its religions—Decides against Roman Catholicism—Founding of the Wooyeno temples—Another empress reigns—Iyemitsu, the ablest of the Tokugawas—Foreign intercourse forbidden—The construction of sea-going vessels prohibited—The Christian revolt of Shimabara—Their castle seized and afterwards besieged and captured—Massacre of the Christians—An army of martyrs—The fatal rock of Pappenberg— Christ becomes a name of terror throughout Japan—Evil effects of foreign intercourse—Home enterprise of Shogun Iyemitsu—A prince-priest at Nikko—The emperor Go-Komio—Yedo ravaged by fire—Shogun Iyetsuna—His encouragement of literature—Maritime commerce of the country—A literary Shogun (Tsunayoshi)—His lectures at his court—The Dutch traveller Kaempfer—Tsunayoshi's defective finance—Changes in the coinage—Suppression of smuggling—A scientific Shogun (Yoshimune)—The observatory of Kanda—The calendar reformed—Prosperity of the country in the eighteenth century—The Rice Shogun—A census taken in 1744—Art and industry developed—Spread of public instruction—Russian demands upon Japan—Attack upon a garrison in Yezo—Spread of the Dutch language—Decline of the Tokugawa power—The long peace engenders luxury and decay—Violent opposition to foreign intercourse—Review of the Tokugawa period—List of the Tokugawa Shoguns.　224-240
CHAPTER XIV. THE REVIVAL OF THE IMPERIAL POWER.
Long-standing grievances of the princes of Choshiu and Satsuma—Their projects for restoring power to the emperor—Literary influences of like nature—American demands for commercial intercourse—Defensive preparations—Commodore Perry presses the American demands—Russian demands—Renewed visit of Commodore Perry—The Shogun yields—The imperial court resists—Arrival of the English—An English treaty—The tremendous earthquakes of 1855—Wreck of the Diana—Further defensive preparations—The Shogun resolves to abolish the law against foreign intercourse—Continued resistance of the court—The Daimio Ii created chief minister of the Shogun—He concludes treaties with foreign governments—Death of the Shogun—The Swaggering Prime Minister is murdered—Agitation for the expulsion of foreigners—Despatch of Japanese envoys to Europe—The Mikado orders the Shogun to court—The emperor again free to assert his power.　241-262
CHAPTER XV. THE FALL OF THE SHOGUN.
The Mikado commands the Shogun to expel the barbarian—The Ashikaga images beheaded and pilloried—A day fixed for the expulsion—Assassination of Mr. Richardson—The English revenges—Bombardment of Kagoshima—Indemnities paid—The closing of the ports urged—Choshiu fires upon foreign ships—Bombardment of Shimonoseki—Internal difficulties of the country—Dismissal of the Choshiu clan from Kioto—Rebellion of the ronins—Choshiu attacks a Satsuma ship—Troubles in the north—Fighting in Kioto—Return and disgrace of the envoys to Europe—Hostile parties—Choshiu repels the attacks of the Shogun's forces—Death of the Shogun—The foreign squadrons go to Hiogo—The Mikado yields and approves the treaties—Reconciliation of Choshiu and Satsuma—The last Shogun, Keiki—Death of the Mikado—Abdication of Keiki.　263-275
CHAPTER XVI. THE IMPERIAL RESTORATION COMPLETED.
Shogun Keiki attempts to regain his power—He marches to Osaka—Goes with armed forces towards Kioto—The battles of Fushimi—Victory of the imperial troops—Honours granted to Choshiu and Satsuma—The foreign representatives received by the Heaven-King—The emperor's oath to further representative government—The ex-Shogun submits—His friends remain in rebellion—The warfare with the rebels—Preservation of the Nikko shrines—Fighting at Wooyeno, in Kioto—Destruction of the Tokugawa temples—The Shogitai and the Shreds of Brocade—Further military contests—The victories of Generals Yamagata and Kuroda—The Wicked Party and the Righteous Party—The Okubo memorandum—Reforms of the new empire—Suppression of the naval revolt—Admiral Enomoto—Rewards to the victors.　276-287
CHAPTER XVII. FOREIGN RELATIONS OF JAPAN.
The early foreign relations of Japan with Korea and China—Attempted invasion of Japan—The Armada of the Mongol Tartars—Naval battles—Bravery of the Japanese—A miraculous storm aids them—Total destruction of the invaders—An ex-Shogun accepts from China the title King of Japan—Indignation of his countrymen—Beginning of intercourse with Portugal, Spain, England, and Holland—Foreign jealousies and treacheries—The Jesuit missionaries—They attack the Buddhist priests—Consequent reaction against Christianity—Fears of foreign invasion and domination—Interdict against the Kirishitan religion—An extraordinary proclamation—Japanese views of our religion—Other edicts against Christianity—Persecutions—Hideyoshi's invasion of Korea—Capture of the capital—Korea overrun—A singular parley—China helps Korea—The army of Japan triumphant—Its navy sustains a defeat—Japan contends for six years against both Korea and China—Withdraws on the death of Hideyoshi—The Island-kingdom of Loo-choo—Japan's recent war against Formosa—Her recent relation with Korea and China—Disputes with Russia—Surrender to Russia of Saghalin—Acquisition of the Kuriles and of the Bonin Islands.　288-318
CHAPTER XVIII. THE REFORMS OF THE LAST TEN YEARS.
Surrender of the principalities—Abrogation of the clan system—Division of the country into Fu, Ken, and Han—A new army created—An imperial navy established—Japanese commercial steamships—The police force—Revision of the laws—The codes of 1871 and 1873—Repeal of barbarous laws—Abolition of torture—The central convict establishment—Gold and silver equally esteemed formerly—A new monetary system—A national paper currency—Diminished gold reserves—The yen, or dollar—The Japanese trade dollar—New postal system—Land telegraphs—Improved educational system—The university of Tokio—Despatch of students abroad—An education department created—Female schools—Interest taken by the emperor and empress in education—The Tokio female normal school—Other reforms and improvements.　319-331
CHAPTER XIX. THE SATSUMA REBELLION.
Mr. Mounsey's book—Seething state of Japan politically in the early days of the new empire—Saigo of Satsuma—The Shimadzu family—Shimadzu Saburo again—Saigo's hatred of the Tokugawas—Romantic story of Saigo and the priest Gassho—Recall of Saigo to Satsuma—Dissatisfaction of Saburo—An embassy sent to Kagoshima—Supposed political manifesto of Saigo—He takes office in Tokio—Becomes commander-in-chief—Takes offence and withdraws to his province—Saburo remonstrates with the imperial government—Satsuma remains independent—Its samurai disaffected—The first outbreak crushed—The removal of stores and arms from Kagoshima resisted—Admiral Kawamura's mission of peace—The rebel army constituted—Prince Arisugawa appointed to the chief command of the imperial forces—Investment of the castle of Kumamoto—Repeated contests—Kiushiu placed under martial law—Admiral Kawamura's attempted mediation—The rebels driven into Hiuga—Their repeated efforts to capture Kagoshima—They are forced into the open—Surrounded—Escape of Saigo—He captures Kagoshima—Is forced to withdraw—The lions in the lair—Taken in the imperial toils—The death and burial of Saigo—A speech by the emperor.　332-348
CHAPTER XX. THE EMPEROR AND THE EXISTING GOVERNMENT.
The reigning emperor—The distracted empire to which he succeeded—His suppression of successive rebellions—Simplicity of his court—Reception by his majesty—The troubles of his reign—Its peaceful triumphs—The constitutional objects of the emperor—The new form of government—List of the cabinet—The prime minister Sanjo—The vice-minister Iwakura—Attack upon his life—Mr. Terashimi, late foreign minister—Mr. Ito, the home minister—Mr. Okuma, the finance minister—His financial reforms—A Japanese Gladstone—General Saigo, minister at war—Admiral Kawamura, minister of marine—Enouye Kawori, the new foreign minister—Attack upon him—His mission to Korea—Oki Takato, minister of justice—The conduct of business in Japan—General Kuroda Kiyotaku, the minister of agriculture and the colonies—His administration of Yezo—The senate—Progress of free institutions.　349-365
Vol. II.
CONTENTS. (VOL. II.)
CHAPTER I. OUR ARRIVAL IN JAPAN—FIRST IMPRESSIONS.
Our first view of Japan—The sacred mountain Fuji-yama—Coast scenery—Yokohama Bay—Our landing—Reception on shore—A small summer palace of the emperor—Railways of Japan—Arrival in Tokio—The residence of Admiral Kawamura—Memoranda by E. Tenn Reed—Jinriki-shas—Costumes of the people—Japanese shops—Torii—A Shinto temple—Mode of worship—Shinto priests—A movable shop—The police—The children—Shampooers—Outside the town—Country scenery—Rice-fields—An inland town—Tea-drinking—The national beverage, sake—A Buddhist temple—Buddhistic worship—The lotus emblem—Japanese animals—Excursion vans.　1-18
CHAPTER II. A MONTH IN THE EASTERN CAPITAL.
Our courteous reception there—Imperial princes and princesses—Ministers of state—The prime minister Sanjo—The founding of Tokio (Yedo)—The castle—Splendid temples—Wooyeno Park—European buildings—Native shops—The metropolitan temple of Asakusa—The Nio, or giant gate-keepers—The remedial idol, Binzuru—Curious modes of worship—A praying-wheel—Japanese lacquer and bronze—Devoted workmen—Early lacquer-work—Decline and revival of the manufacture—The processes employed—Early and modern bronzes—Modes of production—Exact reproductions avoided—Art-work—Coloured pictures in metal—Repousse work—An unequalled work of art—The papermills of Oji—Paper-manufacture—Multiplied uses of paper—The government and administration of Tokio—An official statistical account.　19-47
CHAPTER III. LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE.
Early Japanese an unwritten language—Transmission of records by word of mouth—The Indian Vedas—A colossal system of mnemonics—Ancient language of Japan—The Loo-choo dialect—Japanese a Turanian tongue—Mr. Hyde Clarke's theory of an ancient Turano-African empire—Intercourse with Korea—Influence of Chinese literature— Letters of the god-age—The alphabet—Spoken and written language—Difficulties of exploring Japanese literature—Diary of the old court noble—A Japanese classic—Japanese poetry—Poetry of the gods—A verse by the god Susanoo—Chant of the goddess Uzume—A No—Specimens of native poetry—Remarkable influence of women upon literature—Interchange of prose and poetry between a Chinaman and a Japanese—Captain Brinkley on the Japanese language—Mr. Hyde Clarke's Turano-African theory.　48-79
CHAPTER IV. DRAWING AND PAINTING.
Our opportunities of studying Japanese art—Temple art treasures—Studies in Kioto—Artistic seances—Foreign derivation of the art—Government patronage—Early artists of distinction—Kano and his school—The Tobo school—Okio and the Shiyo Riu—Hokusai, the Japanese Hogarth—The schools of Japan—Professor Anderson upon Japanese design, composition, drawing, perspective, chiaroscuro, and colour—The beauty of the human form not duly appreciated in Japan—Sir Rutherford Alcock on Japanese art—Frequent recurrence of pictorial subjects—Legend of the cuckoo and the moon—Anticipated progress of the Japanese in European art styles—Their technical mastery.　80-104
CHAPTER V. PROVERBS AND PHRASES OF THE PEOPLE.
Many proverbs and proverbial sayings—Expressions for what is impossible—Injunctions for avoiding the appearance of evil.　105-112
CHAPTER VI. THE INLAND SEA AND NAGASAKI.
Departure from Yokohama in the Meiji Maru—The lighthouse of Oosima—Precautions against earthquakes—A natural breakwater—Kobe and Hiogo—Waterfalls—Temples and shrines—The club at Kobe—Scenery of the Inland Sea—The bay and castle of Mihara—A beautiful dawn—Takahara—The ancient temples of Miyajima—A torii in the sea—Sacred deer and monkeys—The Shinto shrines—Origin of the temple—A homeless goddess—A rebellion and a revenge—Shimonoseki—The straits of that name—The attack of the combined squadrons in 1864—An indemnity extorted by the aggressors—The town of Shimonoseki—A legend of its temple—A change of weather—Nagasaki harbour—One Pine-tree House—A singular imperial salute—The coal-mines of Takashima—Government establishments—A Church missionary—The fatal isle of Pappenberg—Return trip through the Inland Sea—The ancient city of Osaka—Its historic associations.　113-136
CHAPTER VII. THE CITY OF OSAKA.
Approach to the city—Well-managed railways—The imperial reception-house—Governor Watanabe—A nursery garden—Views over the city—Kozu, the temple of deified emperors—Another Shinto temple—An ancient Buddhist temple—Reminiscences of Prince Shotoku-taishi—The temple of the sea-gods—A musical service therein—A prehistoric boat—Divine jewels (magatama)—A Japanese fair—The castle of Osaka —Its modern arsenal—Immense monoliths—A ceiling of arrows—A gilded roof—the castle keep—Inspections of barracks—Studious soldiers—A private Japanese dinner—A public dinner—Japanese music and dances—A speech by the President of the Chamber of Commerce—A pretty compliment—Dramatic performances—A purchasing expedition—The power of art—Presents—The imperial mint—The new coinage—Output of the mint.　137-154
CHAPTER VIII. THE SACRED CITY OF NARA.
Interest felt in the city—View of the people—Men of average stature, women small—Picturesque children—Visit to Sakai—Road to Nara—Shadoofs—Burial-places of the Mikados—Tomb of the war-god Ojin—Raised river-beds—Village graveyards—Scenery—River navigation—The ancient temples of Hori-uji—Relic of Buddha—Carvings of Prince Shotoku—First view of Nara—Careful cultivation of the land—Our temple-abode—The great temple of Dai-butsu—The colossal god of bronze and gold—The supporters of the god—Historic relics—Footprint of Buddha—Temples of Kwannon—A fine landscape—A tea-house—More Buddhist and Shinto temples—Courtesy and hospitality of the priests—Temple avenues—Dance of the virgin priestesses—An ancient pinetree—Curiosity shops—Return start—Site and limits of the ancient city—Group of Shinto temples near Sakai—A Japanese interior—More hospitality—Osaka again.　155-178
CHAPTER IX. KIOTO, OR SAIKIO, THE WESTERN CAPITAL.
Changes of name—The cockpit of Japan—Arrival at Kioto—Lodgings in a Buddhist temple—Baths of Maruyama—General view of the city—Temples of Higashi-Otani and Chionin—The Mikado's palace—The emperor-god—The throne-room, study, bed-chamber—The apartments of the empress—Imperial gardens—Shinto temple at Shimagomo—A summer-seat of the Mikado—The silver-storied temple—Pastimes of the sacred and secular monarchs—Temples of the eight million gods—Other temples—Government industrial establishments and schools—Female normal school— Sweet girl-graduates—Education of dancing-girls and geishas—A banquet with Buddhist dignitaries—Illuminations— Arashiyama—Fishing and boating on a mountain river—A palace tiffin—Japanese music—The Toji temples—Superfluous gods—Another Buddhist banquet—Ancient Japanese and Chinese temple dances—Presents—The gentle Buddha—An historical exhibition—Literary treasures—Porcelain works—Hideyoshi at Clear-water Temple—Nishi-Otani—National dances—Silk and other factories—Street strolls—Mount Hiyei.　179-230
CHAPTER X. THE SACRED SHRINES OF ISE.
Start from Kioto—Otsu—Lake Biwa—The famous temples of Ishiyama-dera—Their legendary origin—An ancient authoress—The extraordinary mountain pass of Sudsuga—Jinriki-sha men—Pilgrims to Ise—The road to the shrines—Legend of a pine-tree—Matsuzaka, the birthplace of Motoori—His writings—A wet evening—Visit to a girls' school—More pilgrims—The Geku shrine—The goddess worshipped there—Offence of the god Susanoo—Origin of the imperial regalia of Japan—The Naiku or inner shrine of the sun-goddess—The sacred mirror—The pilgrims at the end of their pilgrimage—A ceremonial temple dance performed by virgin priestesses—Shinto worship at its most sacred shrine—Solemn woods—The ancient faith— A study in blue and gold—The Temple of Immortal Splendour—The return—Picturesque scenes—Still pilgrims—Their costumes and equipments—The simplicity and purity of Shinto worship.　231-261
CHAPTER XI. NAGOYA AND THE SHRINE OF THE SACRED SWORD.
The town of Tsu—An attack of illness in Yokkaichi—Amateur artists—Habits of the Japanese—Mountain scenery—Sail on a river—The town of Miya—The Atsuta shrine—The sacred sword Cloud Cluster—Yamato-Dake—His expedition against the Ainos—The name of the sword changed to Grass-mower—Native history of the sacred sword—Estimation in which swords are held in Japan—Their forms and qualities—Sword-making a profession of honour—Sword inscriptions—Etiquette of the sword—The city of Nagoya—A banquet and an exhibition of porcelain—Amateur drawings and writings—Nagoya Castle—Its towers surmounted with golden fishes—An attempt to steal them—History of the castle—Kato Kiyomasa, its designer—Palace of the Shogun.　262-276
CHAPTER XII. TO SHIDZUOKA: THE HOME OF THE TOKUGAWAS.
Early departure from Nagoya—The great Tokaido road—Monument to the Shogun of three days—Okazaki, the birthplace of Iyeyasu—Yoshida—A famous artist—Our picturesque procession—Miraculous appearance of the goddess Kwannon—A colossal statue to the goddess—Fuji-yama again—A shrine of splendour—Beauty of the sea—The gate of Arai—The fishers of Mayezaka—Bridge over the Tenriu, 4000 feet long—A windy day in the hills—Kagos, or mountain chairs—Swiss-like scenery—A scene for artists—A tunnel through a mountain—Shidzuoka—Lacquer, inlaid, and bamboo work—Japanese tea-cultivation—Large exports of tea—Iyeyasu's love of literature—The last of the Tycoons—A picture painted by him—An eminent litterateur—Legends of the Night-crying Stone, the Sworded Pheasant, and the Wishing Bell.　277-292
CHAPTER XIII. FUJI-YAMA AND THE HAKONE MOUNTAINS.
Height, solitude, and solemnity of the sacred mountain—A dormant rather than an extinct volcano—Legend of its origin—Cultivation of its slopes—Pilgrimages to its summit—Its splendid appearance—Seikenji, or Clear View Temple—Temple treasures—The Mikado's gifts of gold cups—Saruga Bay— Fish-drying—Production of salt—Arrival at Mishima—The great Shinto temple—Chief priest Mayada—More treasures—A vase of the god-period— God's food—The kago of Mishima's god—Mountain-kagos—Discomfort of the kago to Europeans— Asleep at the wrong end—Splendid scenery of the Hakone mountains—Views of the Idzu hills—The Japanese nightingale—Roadside scenes—Fuji disappears in the mist—Police escorts of the ministers—Dangerous effects of foreign pressure—Hakone lake—Kaempfer's description—Hakone gate in the old days—Mountain and forest beauty—Asleep in a kago—The Sea of Sagami—The baths of Yumoto—A native hotel—Mixed bathing— Honi soit qui mal y pense!—Our final day on the Tokaido—Speed of the jinriki-sha men—Neglected state of the great high-road—Second arrival in Tokio—A hearty welcome.　293-310
Appendices:—
Treaties and Conventions.　311-325
List of Emperors.　326, 327
List of year-periods.　328-330
Comparative table of words in Japanese, West African, and other languages.　331-337
Celebrated swords and makers.　338-342
Index.　343-356

注　　記
標題紙表記：Vol. I で＜WITH MAP AND ILLUSTRATIONS.＞が Vol. II は＜WITH ILLUSTRATIONS.＞。
Vol. II の巻末に＜MR. MURRAY'S LIST OF FORTHCOMING WORKS.＞。


記載書誌
WENCKSTERN I, p. 10. CORDIER, col. 697. TOYO BUNKO, p. 85. BLUM II, 2113.