714
Berkeley, Hastings
Japanese letters. 1891.
JAPANESE LETTERS: EASTERN IMPRESSIONS OF WESTERN MEN AND MANNERS, AS CONTAINED IN THE CORRESPONDENCE OF TOKIWARA AND YASHIRI. EDITED BY COMMANDER HASTINGS BERKELEY, R. N. AUTHOR OF
WEALTH AND WELFARE.
LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1891.
xvi, 254, [2] p. 19 cm.
[D/919/Be](00125688)
目 次
CONTENTS.
LETTER I. Tokiwara to his Friend Yashiri:—Arrival at Aden—Impressions—Steamer Point; Its Origin and Fortuitous Appearance—Effect, on Surface Habits, of Change in Mode of Life.
1
LETTER II. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—Suez—Individual Distinctions and Racial Characteristics—The Red Sea: Victims of Civilisation—The Law of Competition:
Free Contract between Men
or
Contract between Free Men
?—Agrarian Riots in Japan.
7
LETTER III. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—Cairo—Egypt the Wonderful—The Pyramids and Burial Grounds—An Idea of Death: Its Embodiment and Influence on the Life and Aims of a People—Natural Development of the Egyptian System of Sepulture and Mortuary Art—Change of Method, but Identity of Aim, as the Sceptre passes from Memphis to Thebes.
12
LETTER IV. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—At Sea—The Sacrilegious Hand of the Egyptologist—Jomard's Description of the Pyramids—England's Power and Pre-eminence.
19
LETTER V. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—Malta—Its Harbours and their Pictorial Effect—The English and the Maltese—Subject Races and their Masters—Necessary Political Servitude.
24
LETTER VI. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—At Sea—An Ideal Mediterranean Day—Modern Thought and Poetical Beliefs—Life on Board Ship—Energy and Englishmen—An Amiable Bore—Gibraltar.
28
LETTER VII. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—London—First and Confused Impressions—Pekin and London—Aspect of the Population—Intellectual Activity—Dissimilarity in Social Aggregates and its Surface Effects—London Dwellings—Industrialism and Ideals of Beauty.
35
LETTER VIII. Yashiri to Tokiwara:—Philosophy and Sentiment—The World and the Suffering therein—Competition: Friendly and Unfriendly—Knowledge and the Power of Sympathy—The Lesson of Egypt—The Irony of Fate.
41
LETTER IX. Yashiri to Tokiwara:—The Intellectual Indifferentism of Young Japan—Belief and Prejudice—The Practical Man of Action—Intellectual Gyrations and Subtleties—The Adroit Gymnast—The Weariness of Uncertainty.
46
LETTER X. Yashiri to Tokiwara:—The Malady of Thought—Fatalism—Free-will—Young Japan and Stable Reform—Ideals of Life—The Fruits of Agnosticism.
51
LETTER XI. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—The Middle Class in Europe—Upper and Lower Classes in England—The Sartorial Art—Feminine Adornments—Tailors and Jews—The Influence of Dress.
57
LETTER XII. Yashiri to Tokiwara:—Reforms and Reformers—Necessity of Belief—How to Attain a Comforting and Comfortable Belief—The Way of the Unbeliever—Impotence of Unbelief.
64
LETTER XIII. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—Constitutional Government—The Queen and the Mikado—English Commonsense—The Anglican Church—The Christian Churches.
69
LETTER XIV. Yashiri to Tokiwara:—The Travelling Politician—Eastern Problems and Western Ideals—A Defence of Harakiri—Western Prejudice in the Matter of Suicide.
74
LETTER XV. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—The Plebeian Sovereigns of the West—Influence of the British Sovereign on Morals and Manners—Morality and Hypocrisy—The Impurities of Social Life—The English Middle Class—Industrialism as a Cause of the Revolution of Medi
val Society.
79
LETTER XVI. Yashiri to Tokiwara:—English Newspapers: The Times in its Capacity of Universal Critic—Versatile and Mimetic Character of the Japanese—Japan as an
England of the East.
85
LETTER XVII. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—The Western Spirit of Inquiry—Accessibility of English Society—Hospitality—The Abord of the Average Englishman—The Houses of Parliament—Westminster Abbey—Independence and Courtesy.
90
LETTER XVIII. Yashiri to Tokiwara:—The Splenetic Condition—The Too Practical European—Happiness in Acquisition or in Acquisitiveness?—Topsy-turvydom of European Methods—Pride of Possession and the Artistic Sense.
96
LETTER XIX. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—Paris: Compared with London—The English and the French Press—Society in France and in England—The Way of the Paris Artisan—Tradition, Empiricism, and Shallow Logic—The Road to Happiness.
102
LETTER XX. Yashiri to Tokiwara:—Men and Constitution-mongers—The Humours of Parliamentary Government—The Political Puppet-show—The Relation between Facts and Party Discipline, as Exemplified in the Political Press.
108
LETTER XXI. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—Libert
, Egalit
, Fraternit
—Men, or Marionettes?—
Equal Inalienable Rights
—Equality of Men before the Law—Individualism in Europe.
113
LETTER XXII. Yashiri to Tokiwara:—Japan's Too Ardent Party of Progress—Promulgation of the New Constitution—The Houses of Representatives—Lack of a Middle Class—Test of Popular Fitness for Representative Institutions.
119
LETTER XXIII. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—The Art of Polite Conversation in French Society—In English Society—Social Qualities of Frenchmen and Englishmen—Distinctions between the English
Upper Ten Thousand
and the French
Beau Monde
—The Freemasonry of Fashion in England.
125
LETTER XXIV. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—Rome—The Religious Centre of the Western World—The Pope and Temporal Power—Claims of Christianity as a Religion for the Japanese—Christianity and Monotheism.
131
LETTER XXV. Yashiri to Tokiwara:—Japanese Reform and the Foreign Colony in Japan—Pretensions of the Foreigners—False Estimate of Japanese Character—Appreciations of the Foreign Press—Philosophy:
Cheap and Nasty.
136
LETTER XXVI. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—Reflections on the Origin and Development of the Christian Religion: The God of the Hebrews: The Jews in the Time of Christ: The Teaching of Christ: The Building up of Dogma—The Nature of the Deity.
142
LETTER XXVII. Yashiri to Tokiwara:—The Japanese Student Riots in 1888—Latitudinarianism in Morality—Morality in the Abstract and Man in the Concrete—The
Advanced Young Person
on Morality and Convention—The Right and the Wrong of Moral Precepts.
150
LETTER XXVIII. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—The Trinity in Unity: A Scientific Illustration—The
Fatal Facility
of the Polytheistic Idea—Interpretation of Dogma in the Roman Catholic Church—The Church and the Individual.
156
LETTER XXIX. Yashiri to Tokiwara:—The Fortuitous Application of the Modern Theory of Evolution to Human Progress—How Abuse of Words leads to Abuse of Things—Opportunism in Morals.
161
LETTER XXX. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—The Christian Churches—Characteristics of the Roman Catholic and the Protestant—Race and Religion in the East and West—The Shaping of Abstract Ideals to Practical Ends—Protestantism as a Religion for Japan.
166
LETTER XXXI. Yashiri to Tokiwara:—Are the Rich Growing Richer and the Poor Poorer?—Concomitants of Modern Industrial Organisation—Development of Industry and the Line of Demarcation between Rich and Poor—The Elysium of Riches and the Hell of Poverty.
174
LETTER XXXII. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—London Again—The Land of Business—Capital and Credit—What is a Capitalist?—Credit and its Manipulation by Capitalists and Bankers—Commercial Crises and Panics—Rise and Establishment of the Modern Plutocracy.
181
LETTER XXXIII. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—The Jews—Prescience of the Hebrew Prophets—Advance of the Jews on the Flowing Tide of Industrialism—The Jew Before the Industrial Era, and After—Shakespeare in the Mouth of Shylock—The Jewish Record.
188
LETTER XXXIV. Yashiri to Tokiwara:—Educational Value of the Novel—Authentic Documents for Posterity—The French Realistic School—The Biographer and the Novelist—Young Japan and the Form and Spirit of the West.
197
LETTER XXXV. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—Progress and Conservation—The Comedy of Politics—Origin, Development, and Transformation of English Political Parties—The Irish Question—A Transcendental System of Morality in Embryo—Possibility of its Development—Means to this End.
202
LETTER XXXVI. Yashiri to Tokiwara:—Religion and Temperament—Religion and the Masses—Life and its Problems—Genius and Judgment—Racial Dissimilarities—Revolutionary Reform.
213
LETTER XXXVII. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—Art and Vulgarity—The Western Sense of Beauty in Art—Western Appreciation of Japanese Art—The Instinct and Power of Imitation—Art in Japan and in England.
219
LETTER XXXVIII. Yashiri to Tokiwara:—A Foreign Visitor—Western Appreciations of Native Customs—Feminine Adornments—Paints and Cosmetics—The Natural and the Artificial.
225
LETTER XXXIX. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—The Albert Hall and Memorial—Symbolism in Art—The Musical Public—Art and the British Public—Adaptation of Decorative Design.
229
LETTER XL. Yashiri to Tokiwara:—Socialistic Bias of the Japanese People—Individualism and Socialism—Power and Responsibility—The Power of the Purse in Modern Life—The Direction and Control of Labour.
235
LETTER XLI. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—The Art of Advertising—The Vulgarisation of Religion—Tract Societies and the Salvation Army—The Religious and the Artistic Sense—Religion, Morality, and Art.
244
LETTER XLII. Tokiwara to Yashiri:—The Japanese in Search of a Religion, of a Basis of Morality—Reform in Japan—Mobility and Versatility of the Japanese Mind—The Luxury of Ideas—Ideologists and Men of Business.
1250
記載書誌
BLUM I, 204.